The following is an Eagles Byte Chronology for the year 1825, current up
to 5/12/98. The apparent gobbledygook in the square brackets is actually
a cluster of codes, to make electronic seraching easier. Many will be fairly
obvious, i.e.
AR = American Revolution (many are case sensitive)
bsn = buisness
nys = new york state.
You'll get a full list with your order. Ordering and pricing information
can be found at the bottom of this page.
Enjoy.
1825
January
The state capital of Indiana is moved from Corydon to Indianapolis. [gvtmdw]
** Congress votes $200,000 and a 24,000-acre Florida township for The Marquis
de Lafayette, as a gift for his aid in the Revolution. [ARFlausgbsnhstmltsth]
Jan 1
The New York House of Refuge for juvenile delinquents opens. [nyclaw]
Jan 3
Robert Owen buys the German Rappite settlement of Harmonie, Indiana, and
founds the utopian community of New Harmony. [bsnmdw] ** Troy, New York's
Rensselaer School of Theoretical and Practical Science (Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute; RPI) opens. [nysedcsci]
Jan 7
Subscription of stock in Delaware and Hudson Canal Company opens, sells
out. [engnrwtrnvlbsn]
Jan 8
Eli Whitney dies in New Haven, Connecticut. [agrsciobtneng] ** The first
session of the 12th Parliament of Lower Canada convenes. [NApolgvt]
Jan 13
The first session of the 9th Parliament of Upper Canada convenes with a
Reform Party majority. [NApolgvt]
Jan 19
Thomas Kensett takes out a U. S. patent in New York City for a tin can.
[nycusgfodlaw]
Jan 21
The first session of the 12th Parliament of Upper Canada convenes, with
a Reform Party majority. [NApolgvt]
Jan 27
Congress approves a frontier line marking off an Indian territory in present-day
Oklahoma and Kansas. Settlers north of the Red River will move into Texas.
[usgtrvwtrwst]
February
Advised by John C. Calhoun, President James Monroe begins relocating Eastern
Indians to the western frontier. [usgtrvwst] ** Egypt's prince Ibrahim captures
Greece's Morea peninsula. [AfricaEurmltRoy] ** William Parks, a maternal
great-grandfathers of Martin Luther King, Jr., is born in Georgia. [Gahtscvrbrtsth]
Feb 9
John Quincy Adams is elected president, by the House of Representatives,
on the first ballot. [usgpol]
Feb 12
Creek Indian negotiators lead by chief William McIntosh sign the Treaty
of Indian Springs, ceding their Georgia lands to the U. S. and agreeing
to leave the area and go to the West by September first of next year. Many
Creeks will repudiate the treaty. [Gausglawsth]
Feb 16
Explorer John Franklin leaves England on a second expedition to the Arctic.
[EurB&Iexpr]
Feb 21
Thomas Jefferson writes to namesake Thomas Jefferson Smith, setting down
a code of conduct. [wrtcmn]
Feb 22
Great Britain and Russia sign a treaty setting the inland boundaries of
Alaska. [EurB&INAgvtlawgeog]
March
Franklin reaches New York and departs to travel overland to the Mackenzie
RIver and Great Bear Lake. [nysNACanadEurB&Iexpr]
Mar 3
The U. S. government gives support to Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. [usgwtrnvlengnr]
** The U. S. Congress authorizes a Santa Fe Trail to connect New Mexico
with the Missouri River. [NMusgtrnwtrmdwst]
Mar 4
John Quincy Adams is inaugurated as President of the U. S., with John C.
Calhoun as Vice-President. The Cabinet will consist of Secretary of State
Henry Clay, Secretary of the Treasury Richard Rush, Secretary of War James
Barbour, Secretary of the Navy Samuel Lewis Southard, Postmaster General
John McLean and Attorney General William Wirt. [usgpolmltnvlcmnlawbsn]
Mar 7
Adams names Henry Clay Secretary of State and Joel Poinsett the first U.
S. minister to Mexico. [usgNAgvt] ** Charlottesville's University of Virginia
opens to students. [Vaedcsth]
Mar 8
The Delaware and Hudson Canal Corporation is organized. [engnrwtrnvlbsn]
** The U. S. Senate confirms Poinsett's appointment. [usgNAMexgvt]
Mar 19
The Hudson Bay Company establishes Fort Vancouver on Oregon's Columbia River.
[NACanadEurB&IEnglbsnwtrntrwst]
Mar 22
The first session of the 12th Parliament of Lower Canada ends. [NApolgvt]
Mar 24
The Mexican state of Texas-Coahuila enacts a colonization law opening the
area to U. S. settlers. [NAgvtlawimm]
Mar 25
Painter Raphaelle Peale, 51, dies of probable heavy metal poisoning, resulting
from the arsenic and mercury used to prepare animal models for his father
Charles Willson Peale's Philadelphia Museum. [PennArtobtedcanmmdc]
April
Charles X signs legislation to compensate nobles for the loss of their lands
during the revolution. [EurFrancelawbsnRoy]
Apr 9
New York State authorizes $2000 annually for the New York House of Refuge.
[nysbsnlaw]
Apr 10
Lafayette arrives in New Orleans. [LaNOLouisianamltrvsth]
Apr 13
The first session of the 9th Parliament of Upper Canada ends. [NApolgvt]
Apr 16
Thomas Cochrane is named first resident governor of Newfoundland. [NACanadgvt]
Apr 27
The Turks under Raschid Pasha lay siege to Missolonghi, Greece. [Eurmlt]
** Robert Owen speaks at New Harmony, Indiana, welcoming all settlers. [gvtmde]
May
Batavia, New York, newspaper owner Oran Follett moves to Buffalo, leaving
his younger brother Frederick as publisher of the Spiriå Times
. [nysmdatrv] ** Bricklayer William Morgan is made a Royal Arch Mason, in
Le Roy, New York. [nyslbr]
May 1
Indian Chief William McIntosh is killed by Georgia's upper Creeks, who oppose
cession of their lands. [Galawobtsth]
May 4
Scientist Thomas Huxley is born, at Ealing, England. [EurB&Iscibrt]
May 8
Thomas Jefferson writes to Henry Lee, reviewing the object of the Declaration
of Independence. [usgcmn]
May 25
The steamboat Washington makes its inaugural New York-to-Stonington,
Connecticut, run, with E. S. Bunker as captain. [nycnvltrneng]
June
Lafayette visits Geneva, New York. [nysARhstrv]
Jun 1
Emily Bronte leaves Cowan Bridge School. [EurB&IEnglwrtedc]
Jun 7
Novelist Richard Doddridge Blackmore is born in Longworth, Berkshire, England.
[EurB&Iwrtbrt]
Jun 11
French architect Jean Louis Charles Garnier is born. [EurFrancebrt]
Jun 12
A conference of lumbermen, meeting in Maine, select a committee to study
ways to promote the use of hard woods. [Mentrbsneng]
Jun 14
French city planner Pierre L'Enfant, designer of Washington, D.C., dies
in Prince Georges County, Maryland. [MdusgwdcengnrArtobt]
Jun 17
Lafayette lays the cornerstone of Boston's Bunker Hill Monument as Daniel
Webster delivers the oration. [MassEurFrancehstmltneng]
Jun 22
Britain abolishes Canadian feudal and seignorial rights, passing the Canada
Trades and Tenures Act. [EurB&IEnglLondNAgvtroyagrlaw]
Jun 27
John Galt organizes the Canada Land Company. [NAbsn]
July
Peter Dease builds Fort Franklin on Canada's Great Bear Lake. John Franklin
will winter over here. [NAbsnexprwtr] ** Donald Mackenzie begins serving
as the governor of Canada's Assiniboin and Hudson Bay Company. [NAEurB&IEnglgvtbsnanm]
Jul 4
Construction begins on Connecticut's Farmington Canal, from Massachusetts
to Long Island Sound, along the Connecticut River. [nysLIengnrtrnwtrnvlneng]
** Ground is broken for the National Road, an extension of the Cumberland
Road to the west of Wheeling, Virginia. [Vatrnengnrmdw]
Jul 5
Construction begins on Ohio and Erie Canal, the first of a series of interlocking
waterways in Ohio. [engnrwtrnvlmdw]
Jul 6
New York governor De Witt Clinton breaks ground for the Miami and Erie Canal.
[nysengnrwtrnvlpol] ** Parliament passes legislation permitting workers
to form unions but prohibiting strikes. [EurB&IEnglLondgvtlbr]
Jul 13
Construction on the Delaware and Hudson Canal begins, at Wurtsboro, New
York. [nysengnrwtrnvl]
Jul 19
William Ellery Channing's 1820 conference of ministers becomes the American
Unitarian Association. [rel]
Jul 22
Massachusetts supreme court judge Thomas Dawes, Jr. dies in Boston at the
age of 68. [lawobtneng]
Jul 26
The Greeks place themselves under British protection. [EurB&Igvtmlt]
Aug 6
Bolivia declares its independence from Spain. [SAEurgvt]
Aug 10 The U. S. signs a treaty with the Osage and Kansa Indians at Council
Grove, Kansas, in which the tribes agree to give up almost 100,000,000 acres
of their land. [usglawstmdw]
Aug 19
At the request of Chippewa and Sioux Indian tribes in Prairie du Chien,
Wisconsin, the U. S. signs a treaty with the Chippewa, Fox, Iowa, Potawatami,
Sauk, Sioux and Winnebago tribes settling their boundaries within the Indian
Territory. [usglawgeogmdw]
Aug 27
African explorer William Balfour Baikie is born in Kirkwall, in Scotland's
Orkney Islands. [EurB&Iexprbrt]
Sep 3
Enos Collins, Samuel Cunard and five others found Canada's Halifax Banking
Company (Collins Bank). (NaCanadNSbsn]
Sep 6
General Simon Perkins lays out the city of Akron, Ohio, on the projected
route of the Ohio and Erie Canal. [gvtmltengnrwtrnvlmdw]
Sep 11
Austrian music critic Eduard Hanslick is born in Czechoslovakia. [Eurwrtmscbrt]
Sep 27
The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company fires engineer and contractor
John Randel, Jr. [engnrwtrnvlbsn] ** England's Stockton and Darlington Railroad
opens, the world's first railway line. EurB&Itrn]
October
The Tennessee legislature again nominates Andrew Jackson for the U. S. presidency.
[usgvtpolsth]
Oct 8
Thomas Cochrane takes up his duties as first resident governor of Newfoundland.
[NACanadgvt]
Oct 10
Geneva, New York, lawyer Charles Butler marries Eliza A. Ogden of Walton.
They will buy water lot 21 this year. [nysmrgbsn]
Oct 15
De Witt Clinton's party leaves Albany on the Erie Canal. [nyspolgvtengnrwtrnvl]
Oct 25
Clinton's party arrives in Buffalo. [nysengnrpolgvtwtrnvl] ** The first
Erie Canal boats leave Buffalo, New York - destination New York City. [nysengnrwtrnvl]
** Composer Johann Strauss (the younger) is born in Vienna. [EurAustriamscbrt]
Oct 26
Clinton officially opens the Erie Canal. [nyspolgvtengnrwtrnvl]
Nov 4
The Clinton flotilla reaches New York City. [nycnyspolgvtengnrwtrnvl] **
Dissatisfied members of the Academy of Arts found the New York Drawing Association.
[nyc]
Nov 7
The second session of the 9th Parliament of Upper Canada convenes. [NApolgvt]
Nov 9
Thomas Jefferson writes to member of Parliament J. Evelyn Denison, discussing
the Anglo-Saxon language. [cmnedc]
Nov 14
Thomas Jefferson writes to his granddaughter Ellen Randolph Coolidge, describing
life at the University of Virginia and requesting her to act as his agent
in Boston. [VaMasscmnedcbsnengsth]
December
Thomas Jefferson protests federal usurpations in his Declaration and
Protest, written for the Virginia legislature, but suppresses it. [Vausgwrtgvtsth]
Dec 1
New Jersey's Queen's College changes its name to Rutgers College, in honor
of benefactor Colonel Henry Rutgers. [NJedcmltbsn]
Dec 5
The 19th Congress convenes. The Federalist Party has become extinct. [usgvtlawbsnpol]
Dec 6
Adams makes the first annual presidential address to Congress, urging approval
of internal improvements, including a national university and a national
observatory. [usgedcscispc]
Dec 13
Czar Alexander I dies in the Crimea, to be succeeded by Nicholas I. [EurRoygvtobt]
** Alexander Pushkin begins writing Count Nulin , finishes it in
two days. [EurRuswrt]
Dec 26
Rebellious Russian army officers and soldiers of the Northern Society (Decembrists)
try to overthrow Nicholas I in Leningrad, fail. [EurgvtRoylawobt] ** Thomas
Jefferson writes to William Branch Giles,expressing concern for the usurpation
of states' rights by the federal government. [usgvtcmnsth] ** Adams urges
Congress to send observers to Simón Bolivar's Panama Congress. [CASAusgvt]
Dec 29
The Senate consents to the treaty with Central America. [usgCAgvtlawbsn]
U. S. Miscellaneous
American Revolution
General James Wilkinson dies. [ARmltobt]
Art
New York City mayor Philip Hone buys two of Thomas Cole's Hudson River landscapes
for his collection. Asher Brown Durand and Cole form the beginning of the
Hudson River School of painting. [nysbsnwtr]
Aviation - Edmond Charles (Citizen) Genêt writes The Upward Force
of Fluids, the first U. S. book on aeronautics. [wrtsciavn]
California
After declaring the area a territory, Mexico sends José Maria de
Enchanadia as governor. [NAgvtwst] ** The San Ysidro Ranch is founded at
Montecito. [anmbsnwst]
Cape Cod
Deming Jarvis founds the Sandwich Manufacturing Company to make pressed
table glass. [MassCCfodfshneng]
Civil War
Robert E. Lee enters West Point Military Academy. [CWnysmltedc]
Colorado
Kit Carson and Jim Bridger set up trading posts in the interior. [anmbsnwst]
Connecticut
A library is started in Hartford. [edcneng] ** The first agricultural school
opens in Derby. [edcagranmneng] ** The Connecticut Historical Society is
founded. [hstneng]
Education
Charles Francis Adams graduates from Harvard. [usgMassedcneng] ** The University
of Virginia opens. [Vaedcsth] ** Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow graduate from Bowdoin College. [Mewrtedcneng] ** Schools begin
using John Pierpont's Readers . [edcwrt]
Erie Canal
John Rutherford's Facts and observations in relation to the origin and
completion of the Erie canal , is published by N. B. Holmes in New York
City. [nycwtrnvlwrthst] ** After citizens of Oswego lobby to have an Oswego
River branch built the stateauthorizes $160,000 to construct the Oswego
Canal. [nyswtrnvlbsngvtbsn]
Florida
Tallahassee is founded. [Flagvtsth]
Geneva, New York
A Federal-style home is built at 543 South Main Street in Geneva. [nystect]
** Pultney Park, the town square, is conveyed to the village. [nysgvtgeog]
** Hobart and William Smith academy is chartered as a college. [nysgvtedc]
Immigration
10,199 people immigrate from the British Isles. [immEurB&Igvt] ** 52
Norwegian Quakers arrive in New York City aboard the ship Restoration
. [nycEurScandimmrel]
Launchings
The schooner Phoenix, at Sheffield's Pawcatuck, Connecticut, shipyard.
[nvlneng]
Law
The U. S. Supreme Court rules, in Earle v. Sawyer , that Willard
Earle's circular saw is patentable, no matter how much energy or intellect
he expanded in the effort. [usgbsnlaw]
Literature
James Fenimore Cooper publishes Lionel Lincoln . It is a commercial
failure. He forms a friendship with artist Samuel F. B. Morse. [wrtArtsci]
** Ralph Waldo Emerson retires from teaching at his Boston school for young
ladies to enter Harvard Divinity School. His studies are interrupted by
eye trouble and he resumes teaching in Chelmsford, Massachusetts. [Masswrtedcwmnrelneng]
** Harriet Beecher (Stowe) experiences a religious conversion while sitting
at home listening to a sermon of her father's in Litchfield, Connecticut.
[wrtrelneng]
Louisiana
Centenary College is founded at Shreveport. [Laedcsth]
Maryland strikes down laws barring Jews from the law or political office.
[Mdgvtlawrelcvr]
Massachusetts
Amesbury's Salisbury Mills No. 2 plant is built. [bsnfshtectneng] ** Deming
Jarvis opens a factory in Sandwich to produce mechanically pressed glass.
[CCbsneng]
Medicine - Dr. Hans Burch Gram introduces homeopathy from Germany to the
U. S. [Eurimmdc]
Media
William Cullen Bryant drops the practice of law to became co-editor of the
New York Review . [nyclawmda] ** Duff Green buys the Washington,
D. C. United States Telegraph . [wdcmdabsn] ** The first U. S. annual,
Le Souvenir, or Picturesque Pocket Diary , is published by A. R.
Poole, at Philadelphia. [Pennmda]
Michigan
Ypsilanti is settled. [gvtmdw]
Mississippi
The city of Vicksburg is incorporated. [gvtlawsth]
Missouri
Jefferson City is incorporated as a town. [gvtwstMdw]
Music
Philadelphia's Musical Fund Society founds the first important music school
in the U. S. [Pennedcmsc]
Nevada
Peter S. Ogden leads a Hudson Bay Company party into the northwest part
of the territory, exploring the Humboldt River Valley and reaching the site
of present-day Winnemucca. [NACanadEurB&IEnglexpranmbsnwtrwst]
New York City
Lorenzo Delmonico begins his career as a restaurateur. [nycfodbsn] ** The
House of Refuge is founded as a reformatory for juveniles. [nyclawedc] **
Gioacchino Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville opens at the Park
Theater. [nycEurItalSpainfshmsndrm] ** Bookbinder Christian Brown opens
a store at 211 Water Street. [nycbsn] ** New York State adjutant general
William Paulding, Jr. Is elected mayor for the next year. [nycnysgvtmlt]
** The shipbuilding firm of Smith & Dimon builds the 44-gun frigate
Liberator on contract for the Greek navy. The Greek governmen fails
to take delivery. [nycEurbsnvlmlt]
New York State
Gypsum is discovered in Oakfield. [nysbsnrsc] ** Two entrepreneurs buy the
remains of Silver Creek's giant tree, take it on a tour via the Erie Canal.
[nysbsntrengnrwtrnvl] ** Proprietors of the settlement of Dunkirk sell half
their interest to Fredonia entrepreneur Walter Smith. [nysbsn] ** Syracuse
pioneer Ephraim Webster dies in Tuscarora, New York, at the age of 72. [nysbsnobt]
** The Seneca Lock Navigation Company petitions the New York State legislature
to purchase the canal. The state will do so. [nyswtrvvlengnrgvtbsn] ** The
village of Syracuse is incorporated. [nysgvt] ** Black Rock's 6500-foot-long
Bird Island Pier into the Niagara River is completed. Winter storms severely
damage the harbor. [nysengnrwtrdst] ** Lafayette visits Albany. He has his
portrait painted; it will hang in the Executive Chamber of the State House.
[nysEurFrancemltrvArtectgvt] ** Rensselaerville's Wands house is built.
[nystect] ** Brockport novelist Mary Jane Holmes is born in Massachusetts.
[nyswrtbrtneng] ** The Enterprise becomes the first steamboat launched
in the Finger Lakes. [nysFLnvl] ** Le Roy's Eagle Hotel opens. [nystectrvfodntrbsn]
** Population: Buffalo - c. 2300; Batavia - 3,352; Rochester - c. 5000.
[nysppl] ** A house is built on Perry Avenue in Warsaw. It will be home
to Deacon Set Gates and his abolitionist son congressman Seth M. Gates,
and will become the headquarters of the Warsaw Historical Society. ** Citizens
of Oswego lobby to have an Oswego River branch of the Erie Canal built.
[nyswtrnvlbsngvt]
Oregon
Scots-born botanist David Douglas has a fir tree named for him. [immscintrwst]
Politicians - Davy Crockett loses his bid for the U. S. House of Representatives.
[usgpol] ** James Knox Polk is elected to the House. [usgpol]
Railroads
John Stevens invents a steam engine to propel a vehicle along rails and
places one on a circular track in Hoboken, New Jersey. [NJtrnsci] ** John
Blanchard builds a steam engine but is unable to interest backers. [trnbsn]
** Thomas Tredgold publishes a treatise on railroad engineering - the first.
[wrtrnengnr]
Religion
The American Tract Society is founded. [relwrt] ** Mormonism founder Joseph
Smith goes to work for Joseph Stoal in New York's Chenango County, soon
goes to Harmony, Pennsylvania, with him to seek silver. [nysreltrvrsc]
Rochester, New York
The Marquis de Lafayette visits the city and is entertained at the Mansion
House (Christopher's Tavern). [nysEurFrancetrvroytect] ** Construction begins
on a house for hardware merchant Ebenezer Watts. [nysbsntect] ** Elisha
Johnson, Josiah Bissell and others found the Rochester Canal and Railway
Company. [nystrnbsn ] ** William Fitzhugh and Charles Carroll file a quit
claim for Mason (Front) Street, with lawyer John Mastick, to facilitate
the construction of a retaining wall along the Genesee River. The street
is moved to the west. [nysengnrwtr] ** Merchant A. V. T. Leavitt becomes
a silent partner in Leavitt & Hill, while his partner Charles J. Hill
takes over the business. [nysbsn] ** Shoemaker Jesse Hatch visits Brown's
Custom Mill at Frankfort to have his grist milled, views the river and the
falls. [nysbsnfshfodwtr]
Temperance
Dr. Lyman Beecher delivers Six Lectures on Temperance at Litchfield,
Connecticut. [Ctrelfodneng]
Texas
Scots immigrants begin settling in the area. [EurB&Iimmwst]
Travel
Daniel Hewett publishes The American Traveller, a comprehensive guidebook.
[wrtrv]
Virginia - Ulysses S. Grant's uncle Peter drowns at the mouth of the Kanawha
River. [Vausgwtrobtsth]
Washington, D. C. - A fire does extensive damage to the Library of Congress.
[wdcedcgvtdstect]
Weapons
Henry Derringer designs a small, single-bore pistol. [mlt]
Wyoming - William Ashley's trappers meet to trade furs and stories at Green
River (the first rendezvous) and at Henry's Fork,Utah. [bsnanmwtrwst]
Other Miscellaneous
Africa
Dixon Denham, Hugh Clapperton and Walter Oudney arrive at the Niger River
from Tripoli. Their trek proves there is no connection between Lake Chad
and the Niger. [EurB&Iexprwtr] ** Alexander Gordon Laing travels from
Tripoli to Timbuktu, the first modern European to visit the city. [EurB&Iexpr]
Art
English painter George Chinnery, fleeing from his wife and creditors, travels
to Macao, China, where he sets up shop. [Asiatrvbsnmrg]
Australia
Hamilton Hume and William Hovbell reach the coast near Geelong. [SPacexprwtr]
** The colony of Tasmania (Van Dieman's Land) is founded. Colonel George
Arthur becomes the colony's first Lieutenant-Governor. [SPacmltgvt] ** Lieutenant-General
Ralph Darling is named governor of New South Wales and Lieutenant-Colonel
William Stewart is named Administrator. [SPacgvtmlt] ** The government,
alarmed by Dumont d'Urvile's explorations, establishes coastal posts at
Westernport, Albany and Melville. [SPacexprmlt]
Bolivia-Peru - Antonio José de Sucre, aided by Simon Bolívar,
leads his country to independence from Spain. Bolívar becomes Bolivia's
first president. [SAEurgvtmlt]
Burma
An attempt to retake Rangoon from the British fails. [AsiaEurB&Imlt]
Canada
The Lachine Canal is completed. [NAengnrwtrnvl] ** Population: Upper Canada
- 157,923; Lower Canada - 479,288. [NAppl]
China
Jehangir of the Khoja family and Mohammed Ali of Khokand attack Kashgaria.
[Asiamlt]
England
Publisher George Edward Cokayne is born. [EurB&IRoyroywrtbsnbrn]
Film
English scholar and physician Peter Mark Roget demonstrates the persistence
of vision with a device he calls a "Thaumatrope". [EurB&Imdcflmsci]
France
The Canal d'Aire opens, connecting the River Lys and the Canal de Neuffossé
with the River Scarpe. [Eurengnrwtrnvl]
Germany
A technical college is founded at Karlsruhe. [Euredcsci]
Ghana
British troops defeat 15,000 Ashantis at Accra, halting a move on Cape Coast
Castle. [AfricaEurB&ImltInd]
Great Britain
William Daniell's completes the publication, begun in 1814, of 308 colored
aquatints of the British coastline entitled A Voyage Round Great Britain.
[EurB&IArtrvhst]
Greece
The conference at St. Petersburg suggests dividing the country into three
self-governing, tributary states. Austria and England are unwilling to follow
Russia in acting against the Turks. [EurEurB&Igvtmlt]
History
Samuel Pepys diaries are deciphered by»d John Smith and published.
[EurB&IEnglhstwrtrel]
Java
Forces lead by Dipo Negora rise up against the Dutch. [AsiaSPacNethmlt]
Literature
Sir Walter Scott's The Talisman. [EurB&Iwrt] ** Serial publication
of Alessandro Manzoni's I Prommessi Sposi begins. [EurSpainmdawrt]
London - The Buckingham residence is remodeled by the architect John Nash
into a palace. [EurB&IEngltectroy] ** The city's first railway opens.
[EurB&IEngltrn] ** Torrington Square, Bloomsbury, is built. [EurB&IEngltect]
Mexico
The University of Oaxaca is founded. [NAedu]
Music
Franz Schubert's Ave Maria. [EurAustriamscrel]
Persia
Russia seizes Gokcha, resulting in war. [AsiaIranEur]
Photography
French physicist Joseph NicÈphore NiÈpce uses bitumen of judea
for recording photographs on metal plates. [EurFranceArtsci]
Psychology
James Mill's Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind. [EurB&Iwrtmdc]
Religion
Henri de Saint-Simon's New Christianity attempts to form a religion
of socialism based on science. [EurFrancewrtpol]
Russia
The Bolshoi Opera moves to its present building. [Eurmsctectdrm]
Science
Physicist Hans Oersted becomes the first scientist to prepare aluminum.
[EurScandDensci]
Slavery
The Female Society for Relief of British Negro Slaves is founded. [EurB&Icvrwn]
South Africa
The British government establishes an advisory council to assist the governor.
[EurB&Igvt]
South America
Argentina goes to war with Brazil over Uruguay. [SAgvtmlt]
Sumatra
The Dutch abolish the sultanate of Palembang. [AsiaNethgvtRoy]
Copyright 1998 David Minor / Eagles Byte
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